IMMUNOLOGY: Anergy Management

Microenvironment and Immunology NFAT1 Supports Tumor-induced Anergy of CD4þ T Cells

Cancer cells express antigens that elicit T cell-mediated responses, but these responses are limited during malignant progression by the development of immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment that drive immune escape. T-cell hyporesponsiveness can be caused by clonal anergy or adaptive tolerance, but the pathophysiological roles of these processes in specific tumor contexts h...

Immunology and management of sepsis.

Case 1 A 27-year-old male schoolteacher presented at 11 PM as an emergency to the casualty department. According to the history taken from his wife, he had been completely well that morning but had returned home early fiom work thinking that he had influenza. He had complained of aches in his muscles and feeling shivery. He had gone to bed and at 8 PM he had told his wife that he was feeling a ...

Microenvironment and Immunology Modulation of Microenvironment Acidity Reverses Anergy in Human and Murine Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes

Stimulating the effector functions of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) in primary andmetastatic tumors could improve active and adoptive T-cell therapies for cancer. Abnormal glycolysis, high lactic acid production, proton accumulation, and a reversed intra–extracellular pH gradient are thought to help render tumor microenvironments hostile to roving immune cells. However, there is little...

Anergy Testing for Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death WORLDWIDE from a single infectious pathogen. Despite the fact that the majority of TB cases are in developing countries, this disease is also a problem in industrialized nations, such as the United States. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects approximately 15 million people in this country, although it causes disease in many fewer. Even thoug...

Immunology